Databases

11 pages in this section.

How DB-API 2.0 drivers, SQLAlchemy Core, and the ORM stack on top of each other, why sync and async access are separate implementations of that stack rather than a toggle, and why connection pooling - not raw driver speed - is usually the real concurrency limit on a Python service.

Explainer Python Databases Sqlalchemy

Databases Basics

Connections, transactions, and DB-API.

Python Databases Basics

SQLAlchemy Core

Expression language and the connection pool.

Python Databases Sqlalchemy Core

SQLAlchemy ORM 2.0

Declarative models, sessions, and relationships.

Python Databases Sqlalchemy Orm

SQLModel

Pydantic + SQLAlchemy for FastAPI apps.